Beta-sitosterol, a plant sterol, helps block the body’s absorption of cholesterol. Niacin helps regulate the body’s cholesterol levels and can also help lower triglyceride levels.
0.5–10 grams/day
No reported significant side effects or drug interactions.
Niacin
Fish oil, cod-liver oil, and flaxseed oil are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are anti-inflammatory, help keep triglycerides in check, and may help keep cholesterol within safe levels.
1,000–3,000 mg/day, usually as part of a daily multivitamin or B-complex vitamin
Only the niacin (not the niacinamide) form of vitamin B3 regulates cholesterol. Niacin may cause flushing, headache, stomachache, and elevated liver enzymes. “Flush-free” niacin (inositol hexaniacinate) is the most well-tolerated form; sustained-release niacin is more likely to cause liver inflammation.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Researchers are not yet sure why this mixture of long-chain alcohols (usually extracted from sugar cane or beeswax) helps treat high cholesterol.
10 grams/day
Increasing omega-3 fatty acid intake through foods is preferable; high-quality supplements are a good alternative.
Policosanol
Researchers are not yet sure why this mixture of long-chain alcohols (usually extracted from sugar cane or beeswax) helps treat high cholesterol.
5–10 mg, 2x/day
When combined with aspirin, increased blood thinning occurs.
Red yeast rice
Ingredients in red yeast rice have been associated with lowered cholesterol levels and may also lower triglycerides.
1.2–2.4 grams/day
Avoid red yeast rice products that contain citrinin, a potentially toxic ingredient. Because red yeast rice inhibits the production of coenzyme Q10, it’s best to supplement 30–60 mg/day of Co-Q10.
Vitamin E
An antioxidant, vitamin E may help prevent heart attacks, despite recent concerns about “high dose” vitamin E.
400 IU/day of natural mixed tocopherols
An unsaturated fat-rich diet increases vitamin E requirements.
